Internal-combustion engine.



W. W. MORSE. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. ABPLICAITION FILED APR.20,1906.

Patented June 14, 1910.

In ventor:

Mann M M01765.

"To all whom it may concern:

WILLIAM w. MORSE, or NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J line 14, 1910.

Application filed April 20, 1906. Serial No. 312,778.

Be it known that I, \VILLIAM W. MORSE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Newark, New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following isa clear, full, and exact description.

My inventionrelates to an internal'combustion engine, and one of myobjects is to provide a construction which is particularly adapted foruse with heavy hydro-carbon liquid fuels, such as kerosene, and whichwill operate with such fuel to produce a substantially smokeless exhaustwhen the engine has become heated up and without undesirable depositionof carbon in the cylinder or elsewhere.

Other advantages of my invention will ap ear from the followingdescription.

Ely invention will be set forth in the claims.

The drawing shows a side elevation, partly in section, of the preferredembodiment of my invention.

In operating internal combustion engines with heavy hydro-carbon fuelsuch as kerosene, difficulty has been experienced heretofore insupplying the fuel in such a way that the exhaust will be substantiallysmokeless, and such engines have been also objectionable because a heavydeposition of carbon in the cylinder has resulted, thus clogging up thecylinder, sparking points, etc. and render-in the operation of theengine defective. y invention as actually used by-me avoids theseobjections .as I have used the same in practice after ion experimentsand with most successful resu ts, using kerosene as a fuel.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention shown in the drawings, 1represents generally the casing of the engine which is as usual providedwith the ordinary reciproeating piston and mixing chamber. 2, eitherseparate from the cylinder or not, together with the ordinaryintake andexhaust valves which I have not considered necessary to show in detail,as such are evident to any mechanic familiar with internal combustionengines. I

7, 8 and 9 represent the exhaust pipe leading from the engine to theatmosphere at 11. 3 is a main air intake pipe to the mixing chamberconnected to a T provided with a hand valve 4 by which the air intakemay be connected to either the pipe 33 or pipe 5.

14 is a pipeleading from a main source of liquid fuel supply (not shown)and con nected to the auxiliary tank 17. From this tank 17 leads piping27, 20, 21 to the mixing chamber 2, as indicated at the vapor intake 22.

16 is a float provided with a spindle 15' -which normally closes the end15 of pipe 14, but when the float is depressed slightly an additionalquantity of fuel will enter the tank 17.

18 is a suitable hand valve for regulating the feed.

34: is a pipe open to the atmosphere provided with a regulating valve30, and 31 is a spring-pressed valve normally held closed but which willopen from the atmosphere when the valve 30 is entirely closed.

It will be observed that with the parts as 75 shown in the drawing, whena vacuum is. formedin the cylinder b the recession of the piston, airwill be rawn in through pipe 34 and the jetof air will strike the floatand depress the same slightly, allowing an additional quantity of oil toenter tank 17, and the suction will also draw out of the small pipe 21 acharge of fuel. passes to the engine through pipes 29, 33 and 3. Whenusing kerosene or other relatively heavy hydro-carbon, I preferablyvaporize the same before it enters the mixing chamber by heating thesupply pipe, and I have found that thismay be conveniently done by meansof the heat of the exhaust although this may not be necessary in allcases. I preferably run the supply pipe through the exhaust pipe, asshown.

In cases where the fuel is vaporized before it enters the mixingchamber, I have found that it is desirableto prevent an undue pressureof vapor in the supply pipe, because otherwise when the engine takes itscharge it would often take too much fuel in compariv 4 hand valve 26.This air entrance opening is preferably located between the source of]The air supply and the point of vaporization of the fuel, as shown.

As the engine takes a charge a small quantity of fuel will be drawn into the supply pipe past the valve 18 and will trickle down the supplyipe and become vaporized by the heat, and at the next suction a portionof such vapor, together with a small quantity of air through valve 26,will be drawn into the engine. It will be obvious that when the pipe 25is open to the atmosphere, a substantial pressure of vapor in the supplypipe will escape, and therefore prevent an undue pressure in the supplypipe, although this in practice is not noticeable as such a relativelysmall quantity of oil is drawn in. The en e will therefore take thevapor at atmosp eric pressure, or somewhat higher if the valve 26 issomewhat closed, I have found that this construction operates well inactual use. It is also desirable to gradually heat up the fuel whenkerosene is used,'because if the same is suddenly vaporized it has atendency to split u and. deposit carbon, and in order to gra ually heatup the same I have provided an extension 10 from the exhaust pipecontaining coils 20 thereon and coil 27 outside of the same The sup lypipe being formed of metal, is therefhre gradually heated up, and as thekerosene trickles down through it the fuel will be heated upsuiiiciently gradually to prevent splitting up of the oil.

12 is a pipe leading to the atmosphere and provided with a hand valve 13which, if desired, may be used to partially regulate the temperature inthe extension 10.,

32 is an ordinary carbureter which may be used and connected to a lighthydro-carbon auxiliary fuel supply vaporizable at ordinary temperaturesand which may be used to start the engine, if desired. This I have notthought necessary to show in detail, as it will be evident to any oneskilled in the art and is only a preferable auxiliary device,

I have not shown many of the ordinarv arts of the engine, as the samewill be evient to any one skilled in the art, as such skilled personwould be perfectly competent to construct and use my invention from theforegoing description and the drawing without the exercise of anythingbut mere mechanical skill. My invention has been actually used by meboth on a motor car-and a launch and operated satisfactorily in eachcase, and, although used for long periods of time, if operatedsuccessfully, the exhaust being smokeless and without objectionabledeposition of carbon in the cylinder or else where. y invention istherefore not a theoretical one but is one which has been tried outafter repeated experiments in actual service,

I am aware that my invention may he emasolene or other bodied in variousother forms than shown in the drawings and I therefore wish it to bedistinctly un erstood that I do not limit myself to the embodiment shownin the drawith atl claim as my invention is:

1. In combination with a mixing chamber of an explosive engine, a sourceof supply for liquid fuel, iping from said source to the mixing chamber,means for heating said piping, and an air vent in said piping betweenthe heating means and the supply, an air intake port to said mixingchamber independent of any combustible vapor intake ort. p 2. Incombination with a mixing chamber of an explosive engine, a source ofsupply for liquid fuel, piping from said sourceto the mixing chamber,means for heating said piping, and anair ventin said pipin ,and an airintake port to said mixing cham er inde pendent of any combustible vaporintake port,

of an explosive engine, a source of supply for liquid fuel, iping fromsaid source to the mixing chain er, means for heating said piping, andan air vent in that portion of the piping through which the liquid fuelnormally flows from the source of supply to the heating means, and meansfor automatically preventing feed of oil except when suction is actingupon the su ply, an air intake portto said mixing chamber independent.o-f any combustible vapor intake port.

In combination with a mixing chamber of an explosive engine, a source ofsupply for liquid fuel, iping from said source to the mixing 'cham er,means for heating said piping, and an air vent in said piping betweenthe heating means and an ply, and an adjusting valve controlling saidvent, an air intake port to said mixin chamber inde pendent of anycombustib e vapor intake port.

5. In combination with a mixing chamber of an explosive engine, asourceof supply for liquid fuel, iping from said source to the mixingcham her, means for heating said piping, and an air vent in saidpiping,said means for heating said piping comprising a chamber incommunication with the enines exhaust, and means for regulating the 3.In combination with a mixing chamber neat. of said chamber, said ventbeing he tween the chamber and supply source, an

air intake portto said mixing chamber independent of any combustiblevapor intake port. a v

6. A gasengine comprising a mixing chamber, an air intake and an oilintake thereto, a source of supply for liquid fuel from which the oilintake leads, a chamber surrounding at least part of the oil" intake andconnected with the engine exhaust port, a vent in the oil intake betweenthe source of supply and the mixing chamber, said chamber surrounding atleast part of the oil intake and having at least two portions separatelyopening to the air.

7. In combination with a mixing chamber, of an ex losive engine, asource of supply for liqui fuel, iping from said source to the mixingcham er, means for heating said piping, and an air vent in that portionof the piping through which the liquid fuel normally fiows from thesource of supply to the heating means, and an auxiliary hydrocarbonsupply means adapted for use independently of that hereinbefore setforth, an air intake port to said mixing chamber independent of anycombustible vapor intake port.

8. In combination with the mixing chamber of an explosive engine, asource of supply for liquid fuel, iping from said source to the mixingcham ber, means for heating said piping, and an air vent in said pi ing,said source of supply'having a contro ing means comprising a chamber, avalve therein connecting with the intake and chamber and an air intaketo the chamber, whereby the air passing through the chamber may controlthe valve.

9. In combination with the mixing chamber of an explosive engine, asource of supply for liquid fuel, piping from said source to the mixingchamber, means for heating said piping, and an air vent in said piping,said source of supply having a controlling means comprising a chamber, avalve therein connecting with the intakeand chamber and an air intake tothe chamber, whereby the air passing through the chamber may control thevalve, said valve being a float valve near the face of which the intakesare located. 4

10. In combination with the mixing chamber of an internal combustion enine having an air intake port, a small vapor intake port, piping leadingfrom said vapor intake port to a source of liquid fuel supply, means forheating said piping, and a regulating air vent in said piping, betweenthe supply and port.

11. In combination with the mixing chamber of an internal combustionengine having an air intake port, a small vapor intake port, pipingleading from said vapor intake port to a source of liquid fuel supply,means for heating said piping, and a regulating air vent in said piping,between the supply and port, said means for heating the pipingconsisting of an exhaust pipe surrounding said vapor pipe.

12. In combination with the mixing chamber of an internal combustionengine having an air intake port, a small vapor intake port, pipingleading from said vapor intake port to a source of liquid fuel supply,means for heating said piping, and a regulating air vent in said piping,between the supply and port, a feed valve in the supply chamber, aconnection from the air intake to said supply chamber whereby the feedwill be effected inresponse to the amount of air drawn therethrough.

13. In combination with the mixing chamber of an internal combustion enine having an air intake port, a small vapor intake port, piping leadingfrom said vapor intake port' to a source of liquid fuel supply, meansfor heating said piping, and a regulating air vent in said piping,between the supply and port, a feed'va-lve in the supply chamber, aconnect-ion from the air intake to said supply chamber whereby the feedwill be effected in response to the amount of air drawn therethrough,said vapor piping heating means comprising an exhaust pipe surroundingsaid vapor pipe.

14. An explosive engine in combination, a mixing chamber provided with amain air intake port, piping leading from a source of liquid fuel supplyto said mixing chamber, means for heating said piping to vaporize saidfuel, and an air intake port in said piping between said source ofsupply and said heating means.

15. An explosive engine in combination, a mixing chamber provided with amain air intake port, piping leading from a source of liquid fuel supplyto said mixing chamber, means for heating said iping to vaporize saidfuel, and an air inta e port in said piping between said source ofsupply and said heating means, and a valve for regulating the air drawninto said latter air intake port.

16. In combination with a mixing chamber of an explosive engine, asource of liquid supply adapted to be vaporized by heat, pipingtherefrom to said mixing chamber,

means for heating a portion of said piping to vaporize said liquidbefore it enters said chamber, an air-entrance opening into sa1d pipingbetween the point of vaporization and said source of supply, an intakeport to said mixing chamber and piping thereto for introducin to saidchamber a combustion element ot erthan that of the liquid firstmentioned.

17. In an internal combustion engine having a mixing chamber, a main airintake thereto, a fuel supply, a pipe therefrom to said chamber andsmaller than said main ,air intake, said supply pipe having a. vent'therein between the fuel supply and chamber and adapted to admit anauxiliary air supply to mix with the fuel previousto its entrance intosaid mixing chamber, and means for heating said fuel supply pipe tovaporize said fuel.

18. In an internal combustion engine having a mixing chamber, a main airintake thereto, a fuel supply, a pipe therefrom'to said chamber'andsmaller than said main &

air intake, said su 1y i havin a vent therein between th fuel s diiplyan d chamber and adapted to admit an auxiliary air supply to mix withthe fuel previous to its entrance into said mixing chamber, and meansfor heating said supply pipe to va 0- rize the fuel therein, said ventbeing a so adapted to allow a pressure of vaporized fuel therein toescape.

19. In an internal combustion engine in combination, a source. ofkerosene supply, a

mixing chamber, a pipe from said supply leading to said so ine, a mainair intake to said mixing cham er lar er than said pipe, means forheating sai pipe sufiiciently graduall to vaporize said kerosene withoutsubstantial deposition of carbon, said pipe having an auxiliaryairopening thereto between said supply and mixing chamber.

20; In an internal combustion engine in combination, a source ofkerosene supply, a mixing chamber, a pipe from said supply leading tosaid chamber, a main air intake to said mixing chamber larger than saidpipe, means for heating said plpe sufiioiently gradually to vaporizesaid kerosene without substantial deposition of carbon, said pipe havingan auxiliary air opening thereto be- .eemaa tween said supply tank andpoint of vaporization.

21. In an internal combustion engine in combination, a mixin chamber, amain air intake thereto, a liquid fuel supply, piping therefrom to saidmixing chamber, and means for gradually heating said piping whereby saidliquid fuel is fgradually heated to the vaporizing point 0 said fuel,said piping having a vent therein to allow a vapor pressure therein toescape.

22. In an internal combustion engine in combination, a mixing chamber, amain air intake thereto, a liquid fuel supply, piping therefrom to saidmixing chamber, and means for gradually heating said piping whereby saidliquid fuel is gra'duall heated to the vaporizing point of said fue anair intake into said piping to allow a relatively small quantity of airto mix with said vapor previous to its entrance into said mixingchamber. p

Signed at New York city this 14 day of WM. W. MORSE.

April 1906.

Witnesses:

F. .WARREN WRIGHT, EMERSON R. NEWELL.

